| Youssef Boutros Ghali | |
|---|---|
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 1 July 2004 – 31 January 2011 |
|
| President | Hosni Mubarak |
| Prime Minister | Ahmed Nazif |
| Preceded by | Mohamed Medhat Hassanein |
| Succeeded by | Samir Radwan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1952 Cairo, Egypt |
| Religion | Christianity |
Youssef Raouf Boutros Ghali (يوسف بطرس غالي) (born August 20, 1952) is a former Minister of Finance of Egypt. He served from 2004 to 2011. He was succeeded by Samir Radwan on 31 January 2011.[1][2][3]
Contents |
Youssef Boutros-Ghali was born in Cairo, and received his education at Cairo University where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in economics in 1974. He subsequently earned a Doctor of Philosophy in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1981. He was also a Lecturer and Assistant during his stay at MIT. His uncle, Dr. Boutros Boutros Ghali, is a former Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Upon graduation, Boutros-Ghali joined the International Monetary Fund as an EP (Economist Program) and progressed to become Senior Economist. He worked in both area and functional departments: first in the Middle East Department (MED) and later in Policy and Development Review (PDR) on Asian, Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. He gained profound knowledge of the economic problems and policy challenges of countries as diverse as the Sudan, the Ivory Coast, the Philippines, China, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. He also did background work on the Latin American debt crisis of the early 1980s.
After leaving the Fund in 1986, Boutros-Ghali was appointed as Economic Advisor to Egypt's Prime Minister and to the Governor of the Central Bank of Egypt (1986–1993), where he took a prominent role in negotiating the 1987 and 1991 stand-by arrangements with the Fund and the debt rescheduling agreements with the Paris Club. The reform programs initiated then ushered a turnaround in the Egyptian economy and laid the groundwork for economic reforms that are being pursued to this day. Thereafter, Boutros-Ghali was appointed Minister of State for the Council of Ministers and Minister for International Cooperation (1993–1996), where he continued to be active in overseeing program relationship between Egypt and the Fund. He was subsequently named Minister of State for Economic Affairs (1996–1997). Thereafter he assumed the position of Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade (1997–2001), and later Minister of Foreign Trade (2001–2004).
A firm advocate of trade liberalization, as Minister of Foreign Trade, Boutros-Ghali participated in the Seattle, Doha, and Cancun ministerial meetings of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and played a prominent role in launching the Doha round. He was also instrumental in concluding the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Agreement between Egypt and the European Union in 1998. Through the joint body created by the U.S.-Egypt Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA), Boutros-Ghali was active in advancing the negotiations on the free trade agreement between Egypt and United States. He also headed the negotiations leading to the Qualified Industrial Zone (QIZ) agreement between Egypt, the United States, and Israel, established in 2004.
As Minister of Finance, Boutros-Ghali headed the Ministerial Economic Committee in charge of overseeing the design and implementation of Egypt’s economic reform programs. He is credited with implementing a series of reforms that helped modernize and reinvigorate the Egyptian economy and deepen its global integration. Chief among these is a major income tax and trade reforms, coupled with deregulation and liberalization in key areas of economic activity. The tax reform program was hailed as one of the most successful reforms among developing countries, which earned Egypt the position of top reformer among developing countries in 2007 by the World Bank.
Boutros-Ghali received the Emerging Markets award for Finance Minister of the Year for the Middle East region twice (2005 and 2006). He also received an honorary Doctoral Degree from the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh on 7 July 2008.
On 6 October 2008, Boutros-Ghali was elected chair of the IMF's policy-setting committee. He beat India's Finance Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram to chair the 24-member International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC). Boutros-Ghali is well suited to assume the chairmanship of the IMFC. Having served both at the Fund and as a prominent government official, he is well aware of the concerns of the membership and of the reforms needed at the Fund. As IMFC Chairman, Boutros-Ghali will work to promote consensus on the Fund’s most pressing reform agenda, particularly on governance reforms to enhance legitimacy and evenhandedness in surveillance, establishing a new and sustainable income model for the Fund, and adapting our instruments to better suit the evolving needs of the membership in a global economy.
On the 31st of January 2011, as part of Hosni Mubarak's responses to the 2011 Egyptian protests, Boutros-Ghali was replaced as Minister of Finance by Samir Radwan.[1][2][3] Then, on 4 February 2011 the IMF reported that Boutros-Ghali had resigned the Chairmanship of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC).[4]
The morning of 11 February 2011, prior to Mubarak's resignation, the VIP lounge at Cairo airport opened to accommodate Boutros-Ghali and his wife before they flew to Lebanon[5] while other ex-regime officials, including Mubarak himself, have been targeted with travel bans, asset freezes, and even arrests. Boutros-Ghali was charged with corruption and an Interpol international arrest warrant was issued.[6][7] On 4 June 2011, Ghali was found guilty in absentia and sentenced to imprisonment for 30 years. He was also ordered to return 60 million Egyptian pounds to the state.[8]
Boutros-Ghali has published texts on exchange rate and monetary policy, external debt problems and debt relief issues, IMF programs, fiscal discipline and exchange rate market reforms.
Boutros-Ghali speaks fluent Arabic, English, French, Italian and Spanish. He is married and has three sons, Nader, Youssef, and Naguib
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Mohamed Medhat Hassanein |
Minister of Finance July 2004 – January 2011 |
Succeeded by Samir Radwan |
| Preceded by |
Minister of Foreign Trade 2001 - July 2004 |
Succeeded by Rachid Mohamed Rachid as Minister of Trade and Industry |
| Preceded by |
Governor of the Central Bank of Egypt 1986 - 1993 |
Succeeded by |